Beowulf (Prologue)

Edited by Jack Lynch

A brief passage, lines 1–25, from the opening of Beowulf. I’ve made no effort to establish a text, depending on a public-domain textus receptus; the interlinear glosses are meant only as a crib, not a real translation. I’ve gone with a very literal rendering whenever possible.

I’ve drawn on a number of translations to patch this one together; I’m particularly indebted to J. M. Kemble’s old-fashioned but literal translation and Benjamin Slade’s edition at www.heorot.dk.


Hwæt! We Gardena   in geardagum,
Listen! We of the Spear-Danes   in days of yore

þeodcyninga,   þrym gefrunon,
Of those folk-kings    the glory have heard,

hu ða æþelingas   ellen fremedon.
How those noblemen   brave-things did.

Oft Scyld Scefing   sceaþena þreatum,
Often Scyld, son of Scef,   from enemy hosts

monegum mægþum,   meodosetla ofteah, [5]
from many people      mead-benches took,

egsode eorlas.   Syððan ærest wearð
terrorized warriors.   After first he was

feasceaft funden,   he þæs frofre gebad,
helpless found,      he knew the recompense for that,

weox under wolcnum,   weorðmyndum þah,
grew under the sky,      in honors thrived,

oðþæt him æghwylc   þara ymbsittendra [10]
until to him each      of the neighboring tribes

ofer hronrade   hyran scolde,
over the whale-road   had to submit,

gomban gyldan.   Þæt wæs god cyning!
tribute yield.      That was a good king!

Ðæm eafera wæs   æfter cenned,
To him an heir was    then born

geong in geardum,   þone god sende
young in the yards,      him God sent

folce to frofre;   fyrenðearfe ongeat [15]
the folk to comfort;   distress he had seen

þe hie ær drugon   aldorlease
that they before suffered    leaderless

lange hwile.   Him þæs liffrea,
a long while.      Them for that the Life-Lord,

wuldres wealdend,   woroldare forgeaf;
of-glory ruler,      honor-on-earth granted;

Beowulf wæs breme   (blæd wide sprang),
Beowulf was famed      (renown wide spread),

Scyldes eafera   Scedelandum in. [20]
Scyld’s heir      in northern lands.

Swa sceal geong guma   gode gewyrcean,
So should a young man      by good-deeds deserve,

fromum feohgiftum   on fæder bearme,
by fine treasure-gifts      while in his father’s keeping,

þæt hine on ylde   eft gewunigen
that him in old-age    again shall stand by

wilgesiþas,   þonne wig cume,
willing companions   when war comes,

leode gelæsten;      lofdædum sceal [25]
Among his people everywhere   one prosper.